A case study of an Ottoman-era manuscript: examining the damage to the second volume of the manuscript "Ruh al-Bayan"

Document Type : Original Article

Abstract

This study focused on manifestations of damage to the second bookbinder Ruh al- Bayan from Islamic era, and paper fibers are pulp fibers of wood. It also clearly showed the various manifestations of damage to the fibers and areas of fungal injury. The study showed the types of inks used in the manuscript using the EDX analyzing device attached to the scanning electron microscope as follow: The black colour is carbon ink, and the red color is cinnabar (mercuric sulfide). Analysis using FTIR showed that the median used in the ink is gam Arabic. The PH measurement of samples of the archaic script (leather-paper) showed the following values :( 4.72 – 4.91). The microbiological examination study showed that the most common microbes on the manuscript were Asparagus Niger, Asparagus flavius, Penicillium rubens, Rhizopus SP.

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