A fine archaeological study of a group of tombstones of craftsmen and their relatives in Istanbul in the 13th-12th centuries AH / 18th-19th centuries AD

Abstract: Tombstones are considered one of the important branches of Ottoman art, as they are decorated with various decorations and inscriptions that give us important information about the owner of the grave. Their importance also lies in the fact that they were not limited to a specific class of society, especially those who had the financial ability to make them from the best raw materials and decorate them with the best artists, but rather extended to all different social classes, whose tombstones appeared similar to the tombstones of the elite in Ottoman society, without much difference. We have received quite a few of these tombstones for a group of craftsmen and their relatives, such as: the baker, the bath-maker, the porter, and other craftsmen who lived in Istanbul during the Ottoman era between the 12: 13th AH / 18: 19th AD, and it had their different shapes and decorations that distinguished it. This research paper sheds light on many tombstones of craftsmen and their relatives who lived in Istanbul during this period and explains what characterized it.